{"id":454,"date":"2020-05-03T21:29:23","date_gmt":"2020-05-03T21:29:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omerfarukkorkmaz.com.tr\/?p=454"},"modified":"2020-05-03T21:29:23","modified_gmt":"2020-05-03T21:29:23","slug":"her-dogan-fitrat-uzere-dogar-hadisi-ve-el-fikhul-ekberdeki-ifadeler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/omerfarukkorkmaz.com.tr\/tr\/her-dogan-fitrat-uzere-dogar-hadisi-ve-el-fikhul-ekberdeki-ifadeler\/","title":{"rendered":"Her Do\u011fan F\u0131trat \u00dczere Do\u011far Hadisi ve el-F\u0131khu’l-Ekber’deki \u0130f\u00e2deler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Soru: <\/strong>Hz. Peygamber (a.s) hadisinde \u201cHer do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk islam f\u0131trat\u0131 \u00fczere do\u011far buyur muyor mu? Ama Ebu Hanife 6 F\u0131kh-\u0131-ekberde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve \u0130slam\u2019dan salim olarak do\u011far diyor. Burada bir \u00e7eli\u015fki mi var yoksa mevzuyu nas\u0131l anlamal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Cevap:<\/strong> Allah Res\u00fbl\u00fc konuyla ilgili rivayetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fanlar o f\u0131trat \u00fczere do\u011farlar\u201d[1]<\/a>veya \u201co millet \u00fczere do\u011farlar\u201d[2]<\/a> buyurmaktad\u0131r. Hadiste ge\u00e7en lam-\u0131 tarifi ahd-i h\u00e2ric\u00ee olarak al\u0131rsak mana \u201co f\u0131trat\u201d \u015feklinde olur. Bunun i\u00e7in de bahsi ge\u00e7en hari\u00e7teki f\u0131trat\u0131 bulmam\u0131z gerekir. Bu durumda Hz. Peygamber\u2019in bahsini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131trat hangi f\u0131tratt\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Bunu tespit edebilmemiz i\u00e7in us\u00fbl\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6ncelikle bu hadisteki icm\u00e2li kald\u0131racak olan ba\u015fka hadislere bakmam\u0131z icap eder. Konuyla ilgili nakledilegelmi\u015f rivayetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda bu icm\u00e2li ortadan kald\u0131racak olan \u201c\u0130slam f\u0131trat\u0131 \u00fczere do\u011far\u201d \u015feklinde sarih ifade vard\u0131r. [3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hadisteki f\u0131trattan, milletten kastedilen \u015feyin ne oldu\u011funa gelince: \u0130bnu\u2019l-Es\u00eer \u201cCamiu\u2019l-us\u00fbl\u201d<\/em>\u00fcnde buna dair birka\u00e7 vecih getirmektedir. \u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki f\u0131trat kelimesi \u201chilkat\/ yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re hadisin manas\u0131 \u015fu maddelerde s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde olur:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201c\u00c7ocuk Rahimde kendisinin f\u0131trat\u0131 olarak tayin edilen saadet veya \u015fekavet \u00fczere do\u011far. Annesi babas\u0131 da onu d\u00fcnyadaki h\u00fckm\u00fc olan Yahudilik veya Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa sevk ederler.\u201d<\/li>\n
  2. \u201c\u00c7ocuk hak din olan \u0130slam dini \u00fczere do\u011far. Annesi ve babas\u0131 onu kendi dinlerine d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcrler.\u201d<\/li>\n
  3. Be\u015fer cinsinden do\u011fan her bir \u00e7ocuk yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda ve cibilliyetinin asl\u0131nda hak dini kabul edecek bir kabiliyetle birlikte selim bir f\u0131trat \u00fczere do\u011far. Bu \u00e7ocuk e\u011fer hali \u00fczere b\u0131rak\u0131lacak olsa hak dinden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131p o istikamette devam edecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu dinin g\u00fczelli\u011fi insanlar\u0131n i\u00e7lerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve letafeti de kalplerine konulmu\u015ftur. E\u011fer bir ki\u015fi bu dini b\u0131rak\u0131p ba\u015fkas\u0131na ge\u00e7iyorsa bu harici bir \u015fer veya taklit vas\u0131tas\u0131yla olur. Hz. Peygamber (Aleyhissalat\u00fc vesselam) de bunu tavzih sadedinde Yahudi veya Hristiyanlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 misal vererek, onlar\u0131n anne- babalar\u0131na uyup hak yoldan sapmalar\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndaki selimlikten nas\u0131l bir kayma ve sapmaya maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade buyurmu\u015ftur.[4]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi hadisin farkl\u0131 yorumlanabilece\u011fi birka\u00e7 manas\u0131 mevcuttur. Yani hadiste yer alan f\u0131trat\u0131n ne oldu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik sabit bir mana bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u015eimdi de \u0130mam Eb\u00fb Hanife\u2019nin el-F\u0131khu\u2019l-ekber\u2019inde tam olarak ne dedi\u011fine bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

    \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 mahl\u00fbk\u00e2t\u0131 k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve imandan sel\u00eem\/kurtulmu\u015f olarak yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonra onlar\u0131 muhatap alarak (bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u015feyleri) emretmi\u015f ve (baz\u0131 \u015feyleri de) yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fruyu ink\u00e2r etmesi sebebiyle Allah\u2019\u0131n onu mahrum etmesiyle birlikte k\u00e2fir olan kendi fiiliyle k\u00fcfre girmi\u015f, m\u00fcmin olan ki\u015fi de fiili, ikrar\u0131 ve tasdiki sebebiyle Allah\u2019\u0131n kendisini muvaffak k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yard\u0131m etmesiyle beraber iman etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \u00c2dem\u2019in z\u00fcrriyetini s\u0131rt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015f onlar\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131lar k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kendilerini muhatap alarak onlara iman\u0131 emredip k\u00fcfr\u00fc yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlar da Allah\u2019\u0131n rabli\u011fini ikrar etmi\u015f ve bu olay da onlar\u0131n iman etmesi anlam\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple do\u011fan ki\u015filer bu f\u0131trat \u00fczere do\u011fmaktad\u0131rlar. Her kim bu noktadan sonra k\u00e2fir olursa s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olmakta ve kim de iman edip tasdik ederse s\u00f6z\u00fcne sad\u0131k kal\u0131p devam etmektedir.\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

    Ebu Hanife\u2019nin mevzumuzla ilgili ifadeleri bunlard\u0131r. Ve bu ifadelerden \u0130mam-\u0131 azam\u0131n hadisin muhtemel manalar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yukar\u0131da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve en son mana olarak serdetti\u011fimiz tevili tercih etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu tercih bir akide imam\u0131 olan \u0130mam Ebu Hanife ad\u0131na gayet do\u011fald\u0131r ve maksatl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Maksatl\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu hadise \u201cHer do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk hak olan \u0130slam dini \u00fczere do\u011far\u201d \u015feklinde mana veren Mu\u2019tezile\u00a0 neticeyi \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r: \u201cKul \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fczere do\u011far, daha sonra kendi dilemesiyle \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na atar. Burada Allah\u2019\u0131n dilemesi s\u00f6z konusu olmaz.\u201d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

    \u0130mam Ebu Hanife\u2019den nakletti\u011fimiz mana sadece \u0130mam\u2019dan nakledilen bir mana de\u011fildir. Zira \u0130mam el-Beyhaki, buna benzer manalar\u0131 seleften Abdullah b. M\u00fcbarek, \u0130mam el-Evz\u00e2\u00ee, \u0130mam Malik ve \u0130mam e\u015f-\u015eafii\u2019den nakletmektedir.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

    Ba\u015fka bir rivayette ise \u201c\u0130mam Ahmed\u2019e bu hadisteki f\u0131tratla neyin kastedildi\u011fi soruldu\u011funda \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n onun \u015faki mi said mi olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki takdiri ve bu takdir \u00fczere onu yaratmas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diye cevap vermi\u015ftir.\u201d[8]<\/a> Denilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7 olarak belirtmek gerekirse: Bu hadisin manas\u0131 \u201cAllah insan\u0131 dalalet sebeplerinden h\u00e2l\u00ee olarak yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d \u015feklindedir. [9]<\/a> \u0130mam Ebu Hanife\u2019nin \u201cel-F\u0131khu\u2019l-ekber\u201d deki ifadesiyle hadis-i \u015ferif aras\u0131nda her hangi bir tearuz bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu konuda sarih olarak varit oldu\u011funu aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201c\u0130slam \u00fczere\u201d yahut \u201c\u0130slam f\u0131trat\u0131 \u00fczere\u201d \u015feklindeki ifadeleri bar\u0131nd\u0131ran rivayetler de b\u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Vallahu A\u2019lem\u2026<\/p>\n

    \n

    [1]<\/a> Malik, Muvatta<\/em>, Cen\u00e2iz, No: 521, 823, Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned<\/em>, No: 7181, Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cen\u00e2iz, No: 1319, M\u00fcslim, Kader, No: 6926, Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, S\u00fcnne, No: 4716, Nes\u00e2\u00ee, es-S\u00fcnenu\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2<\/em>, No:7658, \u0130bn Hibb\u00e2n, \u00cem\u00e2n, No: 128, Beyhak\u00ee, es-S\u00fcnenu\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2<\/em>, No: 12498, Eb\u00fb Ya\u2019l\u00e2, M\u00fcsned,<\/em> No: 942, Taber\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Mu\u2019cemu\u2019l-evsat<\/em>, No: 4941, M\u00fcsnedu\u2019\u015f-\u015f\u00e2miyy\u00een<\/em>, No: 110<\/span><\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned<\/em>, No: 7443, Tirmizi, Kader, No: 2138, Beyhaki, el-Kada ve\u2019l-kader<\/em>, No: 595, \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> Z\u0131ya el-Makdisi, el-Muhtare<\/em>, No: 1446, Taber\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Mu\u2019cemu\u2019l-keb\u00eer<\/em>, No: 827,\u0130bn Hibb\u00e2n, Sahih<\/em>, No: 132,<\/span><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> \u0130bnu\u2019l-Es\u00eer, Cami\u2019u\u2019l-Us\u00fbl f\u00ee eh\u00e2d\u00eesi\u2019r-Res\u00fbl<\/em>, Mektebetu\u2019l-halv\u00e2n\u00ee, Mektebetu d\u00e2ri\u2019l-bey\u00e2n, Beyrut, 1969, B.I, I\/268, H. No: 56<\/span><\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe, el-F\u0131khu\u2019l-ekber<\/em>, (e\u015f-\u015eerhu\u2019l-m\u00fcyesser ile), Mektebetu\u2019l-furk\u00e2n, 1999, B.I, s. 31<\/span><\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> Ebu Mansur el-Matur\u00eed\u00ee, \u015eerhu\u2019l-f\u0131khi\u2019l-ekber<\/em>, Katar, Bask\u0131 Ve Trh: yok, \u00a0s. 38<\/span><\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> Beyhaki, el-Kada ve\u2019l-kader<\/em>, I\/360, No: 643<\/span><\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a> Ebubekir el-Hallal, es-S\u00fcnne<\/em>, Daru\u2019r-r\u00e2ye, Riyat, 1098, B.I, III\/535, No: 882<\/span><\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a> Muhammed b. Abd\u00fclh\u00e2di Nurettin es-Sind\u00ee, H\u00e2\u015fiyetu\u2019s-Sind\u00ee al\u00e2 S\u00fcnen-i \u0130bn M\u00e2ce<\/em>, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-C\u00eel, Beyrut, II\/565<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Soru: Hz. Peygamber (a.s) hadisinde \u201cHer do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk islam f\u0131trat\u0131 \u00fczere do\u011far buyur muyor mu? Ama Ebu Hanife 6 F\u0131kh-\u0131-ekberde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve \u0130slam\u2019dan salim olarak do\u011far diyor. Burada bir \u00e7eli\u015fki mi var yoksa mevzuyu nas\u0131l anlamal\u0131y\u0131z? Cevap: Allah Res\u00fbl\u00fc konuyla ilgili rivayetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fanlar o f\u0131trat \u00fczere do\u011farlar\u201d[1]veya \u201co millet \u00fczere […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,18,3,8],"tags":[176,212,213,258,328],"class_list":{"0":"post-454","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-akaid-kelam","8":"category-itikadi-meseleler","9":"category-makaleler","10":"category-sual-cevap","11":"tag-el-fikhul-ekber","12":"tag-fitrat","13":"tag-fitrat-hadisi","14":"tag-her-dogan-fitrat","15":"tag-islam-uzere-dogar"},"yoast_head":"\nHer Do\u011fan F\u0131trat \u00dczere Do\u011far Hadisi ve el-F\u0131khu'l-Ekber'deki \u0130f\u00e2deler - \u00d6mer Faruk Korkmaz Hocaefendi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/omerfarukkorkmaz.com.tr\/tr\/her-dogan-fitrat-uzere-dogar-hadisi-ve-el-fikhul-ekberdeki-ifadeler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Her Do\u011fan F\u0131trat \u00dczere Do\u011far Hadisi ve el-F\u0131khu'l-Ekber'deki \u0130f\u00e2deler - \u00d6mer Faruk Korkmaz Hocaefendi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Soru: Hz. Peygamber (a.s) hadisinde \u201cHer do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk islam f\u0131trat\u0131 \u00fczere do\u011far buyur muyor mu? Ama Ebu Hanife 6 F\u0131kh-\u0131-ekberde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve \u0130slam\u2019dan salim olarak do\u011far diyor. Burada bir \u00e7eli\u015fki mi var yoksa mevzuyu nas\u0131l anlamal\u0131y\u0131z? 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