{"id":1102,"date":"2022-02-07T13:07:41","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T13:07:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omerfarukkorkmaz.com.tr\/?p=1102"},"modified":"2022-02-07T13:07:41","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T13:07:41","slug":"hanefi-mezhebi-ve-hz-ebu-hureyrenin-fakihligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/omerfarukkorkmaz.com.tr\/tr\/hanefi-mezhebi-ve-hz-ebu-hureyrenin-fakihligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hanef\u00ee Mezhebi ve Hz.Ebu Hureyre’nin Fakihli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Baz\u0131 m\u00fcteahhir kaynaklar\u0131n sunular\u0131 ve tahkik edilmeyen s\u00f6zlerin neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Hanef\u00ee mezhebine g\u00f6re Ebu Hureyre\u2019nin fakih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, incelenmeye de\u011fer bir konudur. Tam anlam\u0131yla tahkik edilebilmesi m\u00fcstakil eser \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektiriyorsa da bizler bu mahalle uygun d\u00fc\u015fecek bir tafsille mevzuya \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span>\u2019nin \u0130mam Eb\u00fb Hanife nazar\u0131nda fakih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, mevcut birka\u00e7 veri \u00fczerinden hareketle birtak\u0131m \u015eiilerin ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130mam ez-Zeheb\u00ee\u2019nin belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re[1]<\/a> Bi\u015fr b. \u011eiy\u00e2s el-Mer\u00ees\u00ee ile ba\u015flayan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 Nazzam, Eb\u00fb Cafer el-\u0130sk\u00e2f\u00ee, Ebu\u2019l-Kas\u0131m el-Belh\u00ee, Fadl b. \u015e\u00e2zan en-N\u00ees\u00e2b\u00fbr\u00ee, Sprenger, Caetani ve Ebu Reyye gibileriyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek s\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ebu Hureyre tenkit\u00e7ileri i\u00e7erisinde, \u0130mam Ebu Hanife\u2019nin ilimdeki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve maharetini bilenler, onun baz\u0131 mevzulardaki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden kalk\u0131\u015f yaparak, kendisinin, Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span>\u2019nin fakih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Daha sonralar\u0131 da bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Hanefi mezhebinin geneli taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcsellem bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f gibi yans\u0131t\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u015funu belirtmekte fayda var: Bizler, Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span>\u2019nin Ebu Hanife\u2019ye g\u00f6re fakih olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015furken elbette ki sahabe aras\u0131ndaki fakahet konusundaki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edemeyiz. Zira bu anlamda \u0130mam Ebu Hanife\u2019nin dahi \u201cE\u011fer sahabenin fazileti olmasayd\u0131 Alkame\u2019nin (sahabi de\u011fildir kendisi) Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019den daha fakih oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerdim. Ama Abdullah (b. Mesut) Abdullah\u2019t\u0131r. (Onun tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 dahi yap\u0131lmaz)\u201d dedi\u011fini biliyoruz.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span>\u2019nin fakih oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken, Hz. Peygamber \ufdfa d\u00f6neminde dahi fetva verecek kadar fakahet sahibi[3]<\/a> olan Hz. \u00d6mer vb. sahab\u00eeler gibi fakih oldu\u011funu savunmuyoruz elbette. Buras\u0131 i\u015fin ifr\u00e2t\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Ancak bundan ka\u00e7ay\u0131m derken i\u015fin tefrit cihetine d\u00fc\u015ferek Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span>\u2019nin hi\u00e7 mi hi\u00e7 fakih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek de hakkaniyetle yara\u015f\u0131r bir tav\u0131r de\u011fil. Hele bir de b\u00f6ylesine u\u00e7uk bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, \u0130mam Ebu Hanife gibi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc pek ziyade itibar g\u00f6ren zirve bir isme atfetmek ve sonras\u0131nda bunun iyice inti\u015far etmesi de apayr\u0131 bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 tabi. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak yap\u0131lacak olan bir Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh) <\/span>tahlili, g\u00fczel netice alabilme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fb Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span>, sonraki d\u00f6nemlerden daha ziyade, sahabe asr\u0131nda da fakih kabul edilen bir zatt\u0131r. H\u00e2kim\u2019in rivayetinde Talha b. Ubeydullah kendisine sorulan bir soru \u00fczerine Eb\u00fb Hureyre i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201c\u015e\u00fcphesiz Eb\u00fb Hureyre, Peygamber \ufdfa\u2019den bizim duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyleri duymu\u015ftur. O, bizim bilmedi\u011fimiz \u015feyleri bilmektedir. Biz ev sahibi, aile sahibi bir kavim idik. Sabah ak\u015fam Allah Resul\u00fc \ufdfa\u2019n\u00fcn yan\u0131na var\u0131p d\u00f6nerdik. Ebu Hureyre ise bunlardan hi\u00e7birine sahip olmayan birisiydi. Resul\u00fcllah \ufdfa\u2019tan hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131lmaz onun gitti\u011fi her yere giderdi. Ku\u015fkusuz o bizim bilmedi\u011fimiz \u015feyleri bilmi\u015f ve bizim duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyleri duymu\u015ftur.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Buna benzer bir\u00e7ok rivayette Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span>\u2019nin sahabe asr\u0131nda da fakih ve mutemet birisi say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bununla birlikte daha sonralar\u0131 Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span>\u2019nin fakih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mezkur g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc inceledi\u011fimizde, \u0130mam Muhammed\u2019in talebelerinden olan ve Hanefi mezhebinin S\u00fcnnet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan el-H\u00fccecu\u2019s-Sa\u011f\u00eer<\/em> gibi \u00f6nemli bir eseri telif etmi\u015f olan \u0130sa b. Eb\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n, Musarr\u00e2t hadisini, Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span> rivayet etti\u011fi i\u00e7in reddetti\u011fi \u015feklindeki bir iddia \u00fczerinden, Hanef\u00eelerin, Ebu Hureyre t\u2019nin fakihli\u011fini kabul etmedi\u011fi gibi bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemliyoruz. B\u00f6yle bir iddia gayet anlams\u0131zd\u0131r. Zira Musarr\u00e2t hadisini rivayet eden sahab\u00ee sadece Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span> de\u011fildir. Bu hadisi \u0130bn \u00d6mer, Amr b. Avf el-M\u00fczen\u00ee gibi ba\u015fka sahab\u00eeler de rivayet etmi\u015flerdir.[5]<\/a> \u015eu halde \u0130sa b. Eb\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n bu rivayeti reddetmesi, r\u00e2visinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fil bilakis ba\u015fka bir sebeple olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela, \u0130mam et-Tahav\u00ee\u00a0 \u015eerhu Me\u2019\u00e2ni\u2019l-\u00c2s\u00e2r<\/em>\u2019 \u0131nda bunun bir sebebini zikretmektedir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Hanef\u00eelere b\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn nispet edilmesinin sebeplerinden birisi de, bu bapta Hanefilerin eslaf\u0131ndan olan \u0130brahim en-Neh\u00e2\u00ee\u2019den nakledilen bir k\u0131s\u0131m rivayetlerdir. Mesela, A\u2019me\u015f\u2019ten yap\u0131lan bir rivayette o, \u201cOnlar Ebu Hureyre\u2019nin birtak\u0131m hadislerini al\u0131r, bir k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da terk ederlerdi\u201d demektedir.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)<\/span> ile ilgili enfes bir eser yazan Abd\u00fclm\u00fcn\u2019im el-\u0130zz\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re, \u0130brahim en-Neh\u00e2\u00ee\u2019nin Ebu Hureyre\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 olan tutumunun alt\u0131nda yatan etken, Hz. Ai\u015fe\u2019nin ashab\u0131ndan olan baz\u0131 day\u0131lar\u0131ndan, kendisine ula\u015fan Hz. Ai\u015fe\u2019nin Ebu Hureyre\u2019yi tenkitlerdir.[8]<\/a> O da bunlar\u0131n etkisinde kalarak bahsini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tavr\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u0130bn Sa\u2019d\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu rivayet de bu noktada konumuza \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutar mahiyettedir: \u201cZiyad b. M\u00een\u00e2 der ki; \u0130bn Abbas, \u0130bn \u00d6mer, Ebu Said el-Hudr\u00ee, Ebu Hureyre, Abdullah b. Amr b. \u00c2s, Cabir b. Abdillah, R\u00e2f\u00ee\u2019 b. Had\u00eec, Seleme b. el-Ekva\u2019, Eb\u00fb Vak\u0131d b. el-Leys\u00ee, Abdullah b. Buhayne gibi sahabiler Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra Medine\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar fetva verdiler. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinden fetva verme i\u015finin kendilerine kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filer \u015funlard\u0131r: \u0130bn Abbas, \u0130bn \u00d6mer, Ebu Said el-Hudr\u00ee, Ebu Hureyre, Cabir b. Abdillah\u2026\u201d[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130bnul Kayyim sahabenin fakih olanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fta tasnif etmektedir: M\u00fcksir\u00fbn, m\u00fctevassit\u00fbn ve mukill\u00fbn. Ebu Hureyre \u2019yi bu tasnif i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fctevass\u0131t fakihler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirmektedir.[10]<\/a> Ebubekir, Enes b. Malik ve Ebu Said el-Hudr\u00ee gibilerini de bu s\u0131n\u0131fta saymas\u0131ndan anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re Ebu Hureyre t sahabe d\u00f6neminde fakaheti tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayan bir sahabidir.<\/p>\n

Hanefi mezhebinde Ebu Hureyre\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131n\u0131lan tavr\u0131n bir nedeni de itikatta mutezili olan baz\u0131 Hanefilerdir. Mezheplerine muhalif haberlerin kendisine dayanmas\u0131 sebebiyle Ebu Hureyre\u2019yi tenkit eden bu ak\u0131mlar da mezhep i\u00e7erisine Ebu Hureyre tenkit\u00e7ili\u011finin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve mezhebin b\u00f6yle bir yaftayla an\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Hanefi mezhebinin Ebu Hureyre\u2019ye bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 incelerken \u00f6ncelikle Ebu Hanife\u2019yi konu\u015fmam\u0131z gerekmektedir. Sonraki usulc\u00fclerin, haber-i vahidi kabul noktas\u0131nda, ravide arad\u0131klar\u0131 f\u0131khu\u2019r-ravi \u015fart\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda Ebu Hanife\u2019nin, Ebu Hureyre\u2019yi fakih kabul etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in rivayetleriyle amel etmedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek ne kadar do\u011frudur?<\/p>\n

Ebu Hanife\u2019nin bi zatihi kendisinden aktar\u0131lan nakillere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda onun Ebu Hureyre\u2019yle ilgili b\u00f6yle bir kanaat ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilmemiz ger\u00e7ekten g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Zira gerek \u0130mam Muhammed\u2019in kendi eserlerine Ebu Hanife\u2019den konuyla ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 nakiller ve gerekse Harezm\u00ee\u2019nin Camiu\u2019l-Mesanid<\/em>\u2019in deki veriler, bize bu iddian\u0131n tamamen \u0130sa b. Eban merkezli bir usul anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan do\u011fdu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Mesela \u0130mam Muhammed el-\u2018As<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>r<\/em>\u2019\u0131nda ipek elbise giymekle ilgili bahiste Ebu Hureyre\u2019nin t\u0131pk\u0131 Osman b. Affan, Abdurrahman b. Avf, Enes b. Malik, \u0130mran b. Husayn, H\u00fcseyin ve \u015eurayh gibi y\u00fcn elbise giydi\u011fini naklettikten sonra, \u201cBiz bunu al\u0131r\u0131z ve bu Ebu Hanife\u2019nin de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d der.[11]<\/a> Bu sadece bir misaldir. Kaynaklar incelendi\u011finde Ebu Hanife\u2019nin bir\u00e7ok meselede Ebu Hureyre\u2019nin rivayetiyle h\u00fckme gitti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.[12]<\/a> \u015eu halde, \u00f6zelde Ebu Hanife 6\u2019nin genelde Hanefi mezhebinin Ebu Hureyre t\u2019nin rivayetleriyle amel etmedi\u011fi iddias\u0131 da temelsizdir.<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> Zeheb\u00ee, Siyeru a\u2019l\u00e2mi\u2019n-n\u00fcbel\u00e2<\/em>, X\/200 vd.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Ali el-K\u00e2r\u00ee, \u015e<\/em>erhu <\/em>\u015e<\/em>erh-i Nuhbeti<\/em>\u2019<\/em>l-Fiker<\/em>, Daru\u2019l-erkam, Beyrut-L\u00fcbnan, s. 263<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u0130bn Hazm, el-Mufadele beyne<\/em>\u2019<\/em>s-sahabe<\/em>,s. 239, \u0130bn Sa\u2019d, et-Tabakatu\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2<\/em>, II\/110, Muhammed Kemaluddin Ahmed er-R\u00e2\u015fid\u00ee, el-M<\/em>\u0131<\/em>sb<\/em>\u00e2<\/em>h<\/em>, 1998, B.I, Kara\u00e7i, I\/61<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Hakim, el-M\u00fcstedrek<\/em>, 6172, Bezz\u00e2r, M\u00fcsned<\/em>, No: 932, Ebu Ya\u2019l\u00e2, M\u00fcsned<\/em>, No: 636<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> el-\u0130zz\u00ee, a.g.e<\/em>., s.241<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> et-Tah\u00e2v\u00ee, Ebu Cafer, \u015eerhu Me\u2019\u00e2ni\u2019l-\u00c2s\u00e2r<\/em>, Alemu\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcb, 1994, Bask\u0131: I, IV\/17<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> es-Serahsi, Muhammed b. Ahmed, Usul\u00fc\u2019s-Serahs\u00ee<\/em>, Daru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, Beyrut-L\u00fcbnan, 1993, Bask\u0131:I, I\/341<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> el-\u0130zz\u00ee, a.g.e<\/em>., s. 239<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u0130bn Sa\u2019d, et-Tabak\u00e2tu\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2<\/em>,\u00a0 Daru sader, Beyrut, 1968, B.I,\u00a0 II\/372<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u0130bn Kayyimi\u2019l-cevziyye, \u0130\u2019l\u00e2mu\u2019l-muvakki\u2019\u00een,<\/em> Daru \u0130bn Hazm, Beyrut-L\u00fcbnan, 2013, B.I, s. 13<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Muhammed b. Hasen e\u015f-\u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee, Kitabu\u2019l-\u00e2s\u00e2r<\/em>, Daru\u2019n-nevadir, Beyrut-L\u00fcbnan,2008, B.I, II\/720<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Daha bir\u00e7ok misal i\u00e7in bkz. Metin Yi\u011fit, \u0130lk d\u00f6nem Hanefi kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re Ebu Hanife\u2019nin Usul Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda S\u00fcnnet<\/em>, \u0130z Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2013, \u0130stanbul, s. 238 vd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Baz\u0131 m\u00fcteahhir kaynaklar\u0131n sunular\u0131 ve tahkik edilmeyen s\u00f6zlerin neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Hanef\u00ee mezhebine g\u00f6re Ebu Hureyre\u2019nin fakih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, incelenmeye de\u011fer bir konudur. Tam anlam\u0131yla tahkik edilebilmesi m\u00fcstakil eser \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektiriyorsa da bizler bu mahalle uygun d\u00fc\u015fecek bir tafsille mevzuya \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Ebu Hureyre (rad\u0131yallahu anh)\u2019nin \u0130mam Eb\u00fb Hanife nazar\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1103,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17],"tags":[162,163,197,208,248,571],"class_list":{"0":"post-1102","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-gundeme-dair","8":"category-hadis-ilimleri","9":"tag-ebu-hanife","10":"tag-ebu-hureyre","11":"tag-fakih","12":"tag-fikih","13":"tag-hanefi-mezhebi","14":"tag-sahabe"},"yoast_head":"\nHanef\u00ee Mezhebi ve Hz.Ebu Hureyre'nin Fakihli\u011fi - \u00d6mer Faruk Korkmaz Hocaefendi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/omerfarukkorkmaz.com.tr\/tr\/hanefi-mezhebi-ve-hz-ebu-hureyrenin-fakihligi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hanef\u00ee Mezhebi ve Hz.Ebu Hureyre'nin Fakihli\u011fi - \u00d6mer Faruk Korkmaz Hocaefendi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Baz\u0131 m\u00fcteahhir kaynaklar\u0131n sunular\u0131 ve tahkik edilmeyen s\u00f6zlerin neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Hanef\u00ee mezhebine g\u00f6re Ebu Hureyre\u2019nin fakih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, incelenmeye de\u011fer bir konudur. 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